Central serous retinopathy (CSR)

What it is

CSR happens when fluid leaks from the layer under the retina, causing a small detachment at the macula, the central vision area. This makes straight lines look bent and reading or recognising faces harder.

Common symptoms

Symptoms usually affect one eye and may come and go.

• Blurred or dim central vision
• Straight lines looking bent or wavy
• Objects looking smaller than normal
• A grey or dark patch in the centre of vision

Causes and triggers

The exact cause is not fully understood, but CSR is linked to stress, type A personality, steroid medicines (including creams and inhalers), pregnancy and high blood pressure. It is more common in men aged 30 to 50.

Treatment and outlook

Many mild cases settle without treatment as the fluid is reabsorbed. If vision stays affected, treatment options include reducing steroid use, managing stress, laser or other specialist treatments. Recurrence is possible, so follow-up checks matter.