Treatment

Laser eye surgery

Clinically reviewed · Last reviewed 2026-06-13

What it is

Laser eye surgery corrects focusing problems by precisely reshaping the cornea, the clear front of the eye. By changing its curve, it helps light focus on the retina, which can correct short-sightedness, long-sightedness, and astigmatism.

Common types

There are several established techniques, and an assessment decides which suits your eyes.

  • LASIK, which creates a thin flap before reshaping the cornea
  • LASEK and PRK, which work on the surface of the cornea
  • SMILE, a keyhole technique through a small opening

Who is suitable

It suits many adults whose glasses prescription has been stable for at least a year, with healthy eyes and corneas thick enough for treatment. It is not usually suitable during pregnancy, for some eye conditions, or for very high prescriptions, which is why a careful assessment comes first.

Recovery and risks

Recovery is often quick, with vision improving within days, though surface techniques take a little longer. Dry eyes and glare are common for a while. Serious complications are uncommon, and your surgeon will explain the benefits and risks for your eyes before you decide.

Conditions this can help

Short-sightedness A very common focusing problem where distant objects look blurred; corrected with glasses, lenses or surgery. Long-sightedness A common focusing problem where near objects look blurred; corrected with glasses, lenses or surgery. Astigmatism A common focusing problem from an unevenly curved eye, causing blur at all distances; easily corrected. Presbyopia The normal age-related loss of near focus from around your mid-40s; corrected with reading glasses or lenses.

Frequently asked questions

Is laser eye surgery safe?

For suitable people it is generally safe and effective, with serious complications uncommon. A thorough assessment beforehand is key to checking your eyes are right for it.

Is laser eye surgery permanent?

The reshaping is permanent, but your eyes can still change with age. For example, you may still need reading glasses later in life as presbyopia develops.

Does laser eye surgery hurt?

The eye is numbed with drops, so the procedure is not usually painful, though you may feel pressure. Some discomfort, watering, or grittiness is common for a short time afterwards.