Short-sightedness (myopia)

What it is

Short-sightedness, or myopia, happens when the eye focuses light just in front of the retina instead of on it, usually because the eyeball is slightly too long or the cornea is too curved. It often starts in childhood and can progress as a child grows.

Common symptoms

Signs are often noticed at school or while driving.

• Difficulty seeing distant objects such as road signs or the board
• Screwing up the eyes or squinting to see far away
• Headaches or tired eyes
• Children sitting close to the screen or struggling at school

Causes and risk factors

Short-sightedness tends to run in families. In children, a lot of close-up work and limited time outdoors may contribute to it developing or progressing.

Treatment

Glasses or contact lenses correct the focus for clear distance vision. Laser or lens-based refractive surgery is an option for suitable adults. In children, specific approaches known as myopia management may help slow how quickly it progresses.