Nutrition for healthy eyes

Foods that support eye health

The NEI emphasises diet as part of long-term vision protection, especially for macular health.

• Leafy greens such as spinach and kale — lutein and zeaxanthin for the macula
• Oily fish — omega-3 fatty acids for dry eye and general retinal health
• Colourful vegetables and citrus — vitamins C and E and antioxidants
• Eggs and nuts — further sources of macular pigments and healthy fats

AREDS supplements and AMD

The AREDS2 trial showed a specific combination of vitamins and minerals can slow intermediate AMD progression in some people. It is not for everyone: it does not prevent AMD in healthy eyes, is not a substitute for a balanced diet, and high-dose beta-carotene is avoided in smokers. Take only on specialist advice.

What diet cannot do

No food or supplement reverses cataracts or replaces surgery. Carrots support vitamin A for general health but will not fix macular disease. Be wary of unproven 'eye vitamin' products marketed online.

Practical everyday eating

Mediterranean-style eating patterns — vegetables, fish, whole grains, limited processed food — align with eye and heart health. Stay hydrated for dry eye comfort and maintain a healthy weight to support diabetes control.