Ocular melanoma (eye cancer)

What it is

Ocular melanoma is the most common primary eye cancer in adults, though it is still rare. It develops in melanocytes, the pigment cells of the eye, rather than spreading from skin melanoma, though the two can be related genetically.

Possible symptoms

Many cases are found during routine eye tests before symptoms appear.

• Blurred vision or a dark spot in vision
• A visible dark patch on the iris or white of the eye
• Flashing lights or floaters
• Sometimes no symptoms at all

Detection

Eye specialists examine the inside of the eye and may use ultrasound or imaging to assess suspicious lesions. A pigmented freckle (nevus) in the eye is usually harmless but may be monitored for change.

Treatment and outlook

Treatment depends on size and location and may include plaque radiotherapy, proton beam therapy, laser, or in some cases removal of the eye to protect life. Early diagnosis and specialist care improve the chance of preserving vision and health.